Definition and Examples of That Clauses in English

In English grammar, a that-clause is a  subordinate clause that usually begins with the word that. Also known as  a declarative content clause  or a that-complement clause. A nominal that-clause can function as a subject, object, complement, or appositive in a declarative sentence.  Chalker and Weiner point out that relative clauses beginning with that (e.g., Whats all this nonsense that youre repeating) are not always included in this category (Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar). In some circumstances (especially in less formal speech or writing), that may be omitted from a that-clause. Such a construction is called a zero that. Examples and Observations The two restrictions of the form of the that-clause are that it may not be a question (*that does coffee grow in Brazil) and it may not be an imperative (*that buy some Brazilian coffee!). In other words, there may be no disruption of the normal [declarative] word order.In all cases, the that-clause has a nominal function; it is functioning as an NP would: it answers the question what? In fact, that-clauses may serve virtually all of the functions served by NPs. -(Laurel J. Brinton, The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction. John Benjamins, 2000)That both defendants were lying was obvious to everyone in the courtroom.- But this does not necessarily mean that both defendants were lying. -(Oskar Garstein, Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia. E.J. Brill, 1992)- Because some people looked like they were lying didnt necessarily mean they were lying.He denied that we had come to the end of our conversation and the end of the relationship. -(Maya Angelou, The He art of a Woman. Random House, 1981)Anorexic individuals may deny that they are ill, deny that they are thin, deny that they want to be thin, and deny that they are afraid of gaining weight. -(K. Bemis-Vitousek, Developing Motivation for Change in Individuals With Eating Disorders. Challenge the Body Culture Conference Proceedings. Queensland University of Technology, 1997)I keep thinking that shes in trouble somewhere. -(John Connolly, Dark Hollow. Simon Schuster, 2001)- He tells me to sit down on the couch. Of course, at first, Im thinking Im in trouble as usual. -(Tim Tharp, Badd. Knopf, 2011)[S]ince the judge had made it clear that he didnt find any of the key witnesses believable, there seemed to be little ground for appeal. -(Mary Lou Finlay, The As It Happens Files: Radio That May Contain Nuts. Alfred A. Knopf, 2009)- He had made it clear he would like to be physically separated from the rest of the firm.-(Barton Biggs, Hedgehogging. John Wiley Sons, 2006)In general, you nee d to be sure that you understand the repercussions of renting out your home. -(Danielle Babb, The Accidental Landlord. Alpha Books, 2008)We were so sure of the printers capabilities that we voided the warranty on our $126,000 Iris by hacksawing off the heads. -(Photography and the Art of Digital Printing. New Riders, 2007)Adjective That-Clause PatternsThe search results from the British National Corpus show that two constructions are possible as exemplified in (1) and (2). (1) We need to be sure that they respect us and trust us. (CEF 981)(2) Were so sure about the reliability of our washing machines that weve given them a full 5-year parts guarantee. (CFS 1672) In both examples, the adjective sure is followed by a that-clause. The difference is in that (1) there is no adverb that precedes the adjective sure whereas in (2) the adjective sure is preceded by the adverb so. The latter construction has been recognized in grammars as the so . . . that structure but will be referred to i n this study as the resultative construction. The that-clause depicts a result in relation to the matrix clause. In contrast, the that-clause in (1) provides an explanation in relation to the matrix clause. This type of construction will be referred to here as the explanative construction.(Ilka Mindt, Adjective Complementation: An Empirical Analysis of Adjectives Followed by That-Clauses. John Benjamin, 2011)Reporting Statements With That-ClausesWhen we report statements, we often use a that-clause in the reported clause: He said (that) he was enjoying his work.- The members of the Security Council warned that further action may be taken. After the more common reporting verbs such as agree, mention, notice, promise, say, and think, we often leave out that, particularly in informal speech. However, it is not usually left out-- after less common reporting verbs such as complain, confide, deny, grumble, speculate, warn (and after the common reporting verbs answer, argue and reply)- in formal writing- if the that-clause doesnt immediately follow the verb . . .. (Martin Hewings, Advanced Grammar in Use, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2005)Extraposition and End Weight-  In the following example, the subject (in bold) has been extraposed: It is likely that you will also become interested in filmmaking. The subject of the sentence is the that-clause, but placing this element first (in order to maintain the canonical SVC [Subject-Verb-Complement] order of clause elements in a declarative) results in a sentence which is quite difficult to process: That you will also become interested in film making is likely. Therefore, the lengthy clausal subject is placed after the complement (likely) and the empty subject position is filled with dummy it.(Michael Pearce, The Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies. Routledge, 2007)- Although that-clause complements can work well in subject position, there is a tendency . . . to avoid placing long, heavy clauses in thi s position. This reflects a more general preference for . . . end weight. Instead, it is very common to move a that-clause to a place later in the construction--a process generally known as extraposing (or postposing or heavy shifting).(Martin J. Endley, Linguistic Perspectives on English Grammar: A Guide for EFL Teachers. Information Age Publishing, 2010)

Preparing an Argument Essay Exploring Both Sides of an Issue

What are the hot issues now being debated among your friends online or at your school: a new course requirement? a revision of the honor code? a proposal to construct a new recreation center or shut down a notorious nightspot? As you think about possible topics for your argument assignment, consider issues being discussed by columnists in the local newspaper or by your classmates in the snack bar. Then prepare to explore one of these issues, examining both sides of the argument before you outline your own position. Discovering an Issue to Argue About Probably the best way to get started on an argumentative essay, whether youre working on your own or with others, is to list several possible topics for this project. Jot down as many current issues that you can think of, even if you havent yet formed strong opinions about them. Just make sure that they are issues--matters open to discussion and debate. For example, Cheating on Exams is hardly an issue: few would dispute that cheating is wrong. More controversial, however, would be a proposal that students caught cheating should automatically be dismissed from school. As you list possible topics, keep in mind that your eventual goal is not simply to vent your feelings on an issue but to support your views with valid information. For this reason, you might want to steer clear of topics that are highly charged with emotion or just too complicated to be dealt with in a short essay--topics such as capital punishment, for instance, or the war in Afghanistan. Of course, this doesnt mean that you have to restrict yourself to trivial issues or to ones that you care nothing about. Rather, it means that you should consider topics you know something about and are prepared to deal with thoughtfully in a short essay of 500 or 600 words. A well-supported argument on the need for a campus child-care center, for instance, would probably be more effective than a collection of unsupported opinions on the need for free, universal child-care services in the United States. Finally, if you still find yourself at a loss for what to argue about, check out this list of 40 Writing Topics: Argument and Persuasion. Exploring an Issue Once you have listed several possible topics, select one that appeals to you, and freewrite on this issue for ten or fifteen minutes. Put down some background information, your own views on the subject, and any opinions you have heard from others. You might then want to join a few other students in a brainstorming session: invite ideas on both sides of each issue you consider, and list them in separate columns. As an example, the table below contains notes taken during a brainstorming session on a proposal that students should not be required to take physical-education courses. As you can see, some of the points are repetitious, and some may appear more convincing than others. As in any good brainstorming session, ideas have been proposed, not judged (that comes later). By first exploring your topic in this way, considering both sides of the issue, you should find it easier to focus and plan your argument in succeeding stages of the writing process. Proposal: Physical Education Courses Should Not Be Required PRO (Support Proposal) CON (Oppose Proposal) PE grades unfairly lower the GPAs of some good students Physical fitness is a critical part of education: "A sound mind in a sound body." Students should exercise on their own time, not for credit. Students need an occasional break from lectures, textbook, and exams. School is for study, not play. A few hours of PE courses never hurt anybody. One gym course can't turn a poor athlete into a good one. What good is improving your mind if your body is going to pieces? Do taxpayers realize that they are paying for students to bowl and play badminton? PE courses teach some valuable social skills. PE courses can be dangerous. Most students enjoy taking PE courses. Â   Focusing an Argument Focusing an argument begins with taking a clear stand on the issue. See if you can express your point of view in a one-sentence proposal, such as the following: Students should (or should not) be required to pay for a campus parking permit.U.S. citizens should (or should not) be allowed to cast their ballots online in all local, state, and national elections.Cell phones should (or should not) be banned in all classrooms. Of course, as you gather more information and develop your argument, youre quite likely to reword your proposal or even change your position on the issue. For now, though, this simple proposal statement will guide you in planning your approach. Planning an Argument Planning the argument means deciding on the three or four points that best support your proposal. You may find these points in the lists you have already drawn up, or you may combine certain points from these lists to form new ones. Compare the points below with the ones given earlier on the issue of required physical-education courses: Proposal: Students should not be required to take physical-education courses. Although physical fitness is important for everyone, it can be achieved better through extracurricular activities than in required physical-education courses.Grades in physical-education courses may have a harmful effect on the GPAs of students who are academically strong but physically challenged.For students who are not athletically inclined, physical-education courses can be humiliating and even dangerous. Notice how the writer has drawn on both of his original lists, pro and con, to develop this three-point plan. Likewise, you may support a proposal by arguing against an opposing view as well as by arguing for your own. As you draw up your list of key arguments, start thinking ahead to the next step, in which you must support each of these observations with specific facts and examples. In other words, you must be prepared to prove your points. If youre not ready to do that, you should explore your topic further, perhaps in a follow-up brainstorming session, before researching your topic online or in the library. Remember that feeling strongly about an issue does not automatically enable you to argue about it effectively. You need to be able to back up your points clearly and convincingly with up-to-date, accurate information. Practice: Exploring Both Sides of the Issue Either on your own or in a brainstorming session with others, explore at least five of the following issues. Jot down as many supporting points as you can, both in favor of the proposal and in opposition to it. Final grades should be eliminated in all courses and replaced by grades of pass or fail.A year of national service with minimum-wage pay should be required of all 18-year-olds in the United States.States should be allowed to collect taxes on all items sold over the Internet.The production and sale of cigarettes should be made illegal.People should be allowed the freedom to exchange music files online without having to pay fees to a subscription service.To encourage people to maintain healthy eating habits, foods with a high-fat content and little nutritional value should carry a special junk tax.Parents should discourage their young children from watching television on weekdays.Students should have complete freedom to select their own courses.

Gun Control And The United States - 1435 Words

Gun Control For gun control, there should be some requirements for the people to take in order to own a gun for themselves. Throughout the United States, gun control should allow people to still have guns; however, the citizens should go through some changes to ensure safety throughout the nation. Gun control has given some helpful ideals before that would help the people understand the responsibilities of their guns. They want to make sure that these laws maintain to progress as a better solution. Authorities should suggest on adding more security throughout the nation. Most citizens believe guns can still be helpful. Some people, on the other hand, think guns should have been banned. In some ways, guns may be beneficial, however, for the most part, the United States government should limit ownership, and lend the police more authority to enforce government laws. Throughout the United States, the government plans to change the laws for each state in order to maintain the rights of every citizen to have guns. The government is seeking to make laws that will be fair to the public as long as they agree to follow them on every term. They want to make sure that people can still use a gun such as making proposals to the Bipartisan Sportsmen Act. This Act is to â€Å"make it easier to purchase federal permits to hunt ducks, geese, and waterfowl† (Ed para 4). The government wants to still allow people to have their guns by giving out permits for them to earn. They want to make sureShow MoreRelatedGun Control Of The United States1698 Words   |  7 Pagesshootings that has happened throughout the Unites States has created a great divide among Americans on what should our nation do to prevent further shootings from happening. Many people believe that forcing new laws on how people purchase weapons should require background checks. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by many citizens. The critical people of this t opic believe that the guns do not kill people, it is the people that kill peopleRead MoreGun Control And The United States1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States gun control is a big controversy that has been blown out of proportion the last few years. Anything that has to do with guns in the news, reporters say it is the guns fault. Gun control laws are being changed and morphed for the new society that we live in today. What gun control really means is a group of laws to control the selling and use of guns.(1). Statistics have proven that most people want more control on guns. Many surveys have shown that the benefits of gun controlRead MoreGun Control Of The United States Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control Proposal Gun control is a highly controversial topic in the United States. There are many people who are for gun control - people who want to have stricter laws to make it so criminals and other dangerous people can’t obtain a firearm. But, there are also the people who disagree with gun control laws and believe there should be a more lenient gun control to help people defend themselves during risky situations. Many gun control laws have been passed for many years. While many have beenRead MoreGun Control And The United States929 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a debated, revisited and revised issue for more than a century in the United States. Recently, after several mass shootings in the United States, gun violence issues are; yet again, renewed and in the forefront for the United States. This paper will consist of insight on gun violence in the United States and the newly imposed gun control policies by President Obama; along with, the arguments for and against the new policies and what roles both the formal and informal actorsRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1166 Words   |  5 PagesSince America’s birth, guns have played a large part in it’s society. Citizens of the United States have used firearms to protect the land they love, and their families. They even use them for engaging activities such as hunting and sport. Though firearms may seem to have a commonplace in society, weighing the rights and liberties of citizens against the safety and welfare of the public has always been a delicate process. In the United States, gun control is a of heated issue that has two sides.Read MoreGun Control And The United States988 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Reassessment in the United States Imagine this: you are in World History class at your high school almost falling asleep learning about Ancient China. It is a normal day for you and your classmates, until you hear an announcement from the principal. You expect the typical lockdown drill, but this situation is far from typical. A man with a gun breaks into your school. BANG! Several of your classmates are killed before this man can be controlled. You survive, but live the rest of yourRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1704 Words   |  7 Pagesshootings that has happened all through the Unites States has made an great divide among Americans on what ought our country do to keep further shootings from happening. Numerous individuals trust that forcing new laws on how people buy weapons should require background verifications. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by numerous citizens. The critical people of this topic trust that the guns don t murder peo ple, is that people kill peopleRead MoreGun Control in the United States1306 Words   |  6 Pages Gun Control in the United States has gone out of control. The United States should enforce laws to not allow any guns in a house hold in order to reduce violence and crime in the country. Reducing the rate of crime in the United States, controlling big weapons, taxing ammunition, and gun collection can help make this happen. Gun Control can make this country a safer environment to live in. Gun Control has obviously gone out of control in the recent years. Look around, they are everywhere. ReducingRead MoreGun Control And The United States886 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control in the United States On December 14, 2012, a gunman walked into Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Connecticut, and killed 20 children and six adults. This tragedy shook the nation and made Americans wonder, how could this have been prevented? Recently published research suggests mass shootings are becoming more common in the United States. Harvard University researchers said in October 2014 that a mass shooting has occurred every 64 days, on average, since 2011, compared with everyRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1501 Words   |  7 PagesSince ancient times a gun has been a tool created for the purpose of killing people, but now people used guns for protection. But the main purpose of a firearm remains, the purpose of to killing people. The government in America has created laws for the use of guns, but not all people follow them. Gun ownership is the most basic American right and also one of the most contentious social and political issues of now a days. There are almost 300 million of private-owned firearms in the US, in this nation

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 926 Words

The decision whether to legalize marijuana, the third most popular drug in America is still a very debatable issue today. Some supporting arguments for legalizing marijuana include that the drug is not any more harmful than alcohol or tobacco if used in moderation, there are medical benefits of certain use, police and court systems would be freed up, it would create a source of additional tax revenues, the FDA could regulate quality and safety, less people would be subject to lifelong criminal behavior due to arrests associated with marijuana that trap people in the system, and the plant also has several industrial/commercial uses, over 25,000 products can be made from crop. Opposing arguments include that marijuana is a stepping stone/gateway to harder drugs eg. heroin and cocaine, driving and other dangers would increase, and that it would increase the chance of kids gaining access to the drug at an early age (Messerli, 1). To go back into a little bit of marijuana s history, it wasn t until the 1920 s that marijuana smoking became a noticeable occurrence. Many marijuana establishments started to emerge in major cities and were not a concern to authorities at that time, marijuana was not illegal and there seemed to be no societal threat as there was no disturbance to the community from people using marijuana. However, by the end of the 1920 s and early 1930 s the perception of marijuana usage changed. Even though millions of people had never heard of the plant,Show MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuan a is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1145 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a drug that has been actively used for centuries. This drug can be traced back to 2737 BC by the Chinese emperor Shen Nung. He spoke about the euphoric effects of Cannabis and even referred to it as the â€Å"Liberator of Sin.† Since early on, marijuana was seen as a medicinal plant that was recommended for medical uses. Marijuana is currently in schedule I, which means that physicians are not allowed to prescribe it in the United States (Hart, Ksir 2013). This drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?997 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize It: The Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana Should marijuana be legalized? Many Americans have been asked this question or have heard some type of news about the issue. Marijuana is commonly known as cannabis which refers to the dried up hemp plant cannabis sativa, even though marijuana is a plant and has no chemical additives it has been a tropic of controversy for many years but nowadays it is in the spotlight more than ever. For centuries, marijuana has been used by people throughout theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conducted

Corporate Social Responsibility Embrace Social Benefits

Question: Describe about the Corporate Social Responsibility for Embrace Social Benefits. Answer: Introduction In this study, we will learn about the importance of corporate social responsibility in organization not only for their own interest but also for the stakeholders and the entire society in which the business operations are running. Corporate social responsibility is a vital concept that helps the business organization to embrace social benefits for the organizations. In this essay we will study different type of corporate social responsibility and its theories that are helping many companies like Sony in Australia. These companies are promoting social responsibilities in the minds and hearts of other people also. We will also understand the practical applicability of such theories in the company. Analysis CSR, corporate social responsibility, is an important concept that embraces the social well being of the society, its people and the other members related to the organization. It helps to promote the interest of the public through the business activities performed in the business without focusing on the financial gains and economic benefits for the company. In this concept, we will learn about the impact and influence that a business organization can creates on the employees, natural and business environment, society, community, stakeholders, etc. In other words, we can say that a business should be socially friendly in nature, implementation of all the social goals objectives, which includes their decisions, actions, activities and policies. . It also affects the bottom line people like profit, plane and people that are the most important part of every business. It is advisable for all the business to run its operations according to the corporate social responsibility (Aguinis, Glavas, 2012). As we know that the corporate social responsibility has become one of the major concerns for all the organizations. It is a key element that presents in all the organizations. It is observed that companies like Sony are building their brand through CSR activities. It helps to boost the reputation and status of the company. The public image of the company rise as the customers seeks these companies more valuable as compared to others. The customers can feel that these companies have goodwill, trust and reputation is also good (Sony, 2016). It is helping Sony to have competitive advantage against the competitors. They have a significant use of corporate social responsibility to create good position in the minds of customers. The decision making of the customers is depends on the CSR activities performed by the companies. Corporate social responsibility not only helps in building image but also to have economic benefits though increase sales and revenues in the company. The cost reduced due to the fact that the company is involved in CSR activities. Customers want more participation of companies in CSR activities (Luo, Bhattacharya, 2006). The stakeholders and shareholders also find it as beneficial activities. They invest in the companies who follow theories of CSR. They are motivated and provide financial aid to the companies like Sony. The government of the country also helps such companies as they find that the company is not working for themselves but also for the nation. In this way, the risk of finance and other types of risk reduced. The stakeholders are the basis for this failures and success of any business. Stakeholders are termed as the individuals that directly or indirectly related to the business and seek some kind of interest, ownership in the activities of the organization. They are the suppliers, customers, employees, shareholders, creditors, debtors, etc. they seek interest that how organization treat them and managed them. The success of the companies is the success of the stakeholders (Syed, 2009). It refers to the responsibility of the organization like Sony towards the society and the stakeholders. It is the first and foremost responsibility of the corporate social responsibility. Sony has applied this theory in their organization as they follow all the rules and regulation that comes under the CSR. In this approach, the company has to focus on the social realms and not o the economic benefits. The companies have to rely on the sustainability in the organization in order to achieve corporate social responsibility (Dhaliwal, et.al. 2011). If we observe the company Sony, there aim is to achieve a sustainable development in their organization. The notion of the sustainability plays a vital role in the Sony as they norms are framed according to sustainability. Sustainability can be of different types like economic sustainability, social, environmental, etc. It is theory that is the mirror image of the corporate social responsibility. Instead of going out and making reforms for the external environment of the company, this theory emphasizes that the organization should look towards the stakeholders of the company. Sony has adopted this theory in t year 2001 when they decide to solve the internal and external CSR problems before looking for any other issues. The ethics and values of the business should be designed in a way that they can meet the demands of the stakeholders (Morimoto, Ash, Hope, 2005). Sonys global vision- Sony is a company which is strongly connected and committed to the new talents who can develop the innovative approaches and effective practices of sustainable society for the future generation.. Environment- This Company has recognizes the value of preserving of natural resources in order to have sustainable development in the future. They have eco and innovation techniques that support environment. Community- They believes to create a positive environment in the community in which they are working and living. They engage the employees in helping the other people of the local and global societies. They also help to meet the future generation issues CSR report- The annual CSR report of Sony shows that they have established effective relations with the stakeholders. Sony group conduct many CSR activities to promote the same in the entire world (Brusseau, 2016). Conclusion At last we can conclude that Sony is an organization that is performing their operations according to the stakeholders and the corporate social responsibility. In orders to treat the stakeholders in and ethical and socially way, Sony has adopted the corporate social responsibility to serve their stakeholders. In this, the company has to build social behavior for the stakeholders and try to fulfill the demand of them ethically. It comprises of self-regulations, adhere of laws and rules of government, norms carried by the industries, serving interest of internal and external stakeholders, etc. References Aguinis, H., Glavas, A. (2012). What we know and dont know about corporate social responsibility a review and research agenda. Journal of management, 38(4), 932-968. Brusseau, J., (2016). The business ethics workshop, [Online], and Accessed on: 10 December 2016, Available at: https://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/1695?e=brusseau-ch13_s02 Dhaliwal, D. S., Li, O. Z., Tsang, A., Yang, Y. G. (2011). Voluntary nonfinancial disclosure and the cost of equity capital: The initiation of corporate social responsibility reporting. The accounting review, 86(1), 59-100. Luo, X., Bhattacharya, C. B. (2006). Corporate social responsibility, customer satisfaction, and market value. Journal of marketing, 70(4), 1-18. Morimoto, R., Ash, J., Hope, C. (2005). Corporate social responsibility audit: From theory to practice. Journal of Business Ethics, 62(4), 315-325. Syed, F., (2009). Stakeholders and corporate social responsibility, [Online], and Accessed on: 10 December 2016, Available at: https://totalqualitymanagement.wordpress.com/2009/03/12/stakeholders-and-corporate-social-responsibility/ Sony, (2016). Corporate social responsibility, [Online], and Accessed on: 10 December 2016, Available at: https://www.sony.com.au/section/csr Sony, (2016). Corporate social responsibility/environment, [Online], Accessed on: 10 December 2016, Available at: https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr/

Meredith Knows Women free essay sample

Merediths marketing information system really focuses on women. Their target market is women and it is obvious in the way they cater towards women. Some of their strengths include they cater to a womans progression throughout life, they have studied their customers so greatly that they have over 700 data points on each one, and they have even segmented each individuals interests in order to better serve them. Not only that, but they have so much data on their customers that they can now sell their information to other businesses. As print is a declining business, Meredith has also ventured into the online and television world and is making their presence known. They are not simply looking at the present but are also setting themselves up for the future. A weakness of Meredith is that preferences can change over time. They need to keep up with the changing interests of their customers and make sure their data points are not just a storage bin full of outdated information. We will write a custom essay sample on Meredith Knows Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another weakness is that it is only providing to women through magazines and television shows. With all of the information they have gathered, they should be able to reach out to women in other forms such as clothing, exercise equipment, gardening tools, or even cookware. The information that they have accumulated could be used for another business venture. 2. Through impersonal data, it is easy to understand what the customer wants, is interested in, and where their priorities are. Using all of these data points, they can be put together to make sense of the individual being studied. By catering to these people this way, customers will feel a sense of connection to the brand or company because that company seems to understand them and will increase customer loyalty. Paying close attention to impersonal data points and using them to engage with customers created a meaningful relationship.3. Merediths marketing information expertise transfers into other media and products through television, social networking, Internet, and cable programs such as the following: BHG.com, Google Play, and Better (cable program). 4. Since Meredith is so heavily rooted in print, their future seems promising. They are doing their best to expand into other forms, as mentioned above, and seem to be seeing a positive growth in those markets. Their magazines are now available on Google Play, they have websites that display their contents, and are even reaching out to women through television and cable. 5. Some recommendations I would make to Merediths executives would be to continue striving for excellence in their database. The strides they have made have proven very useful; so do not think that because they are at the top means that they get to relax. Try expanding into areas other than content delivery. With all of the information they have acquired, they should be able to see what business venture would be most profitable for them. Also, they could try reaching out to men, seeing as they are only focusing on half of the population. If they use their database to understand men and their interests, they could find themselves a whole new market to cater to.